Load Balancer
Diagram: Load Balancer · 21 elements
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"text": "LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS DETAILED\n\n1. ROUND ROBIN: \n- Sequential distribution to each server. \n- Fair but doesn't consider server load. \n- Best for uniform server capacity.\n\n2. STICKY/SESSION AFFINITY: \n- Route same client to same server (session state). \n- Use cookies or IP-based identification.\n\n3. WEIGHTED RR: \n- Assign weights based on capacity. \n- Server with weight 3 gets 3x more requests than weight 1.\n\n4. IP HASH: \n- Hash client IP to determine server. \n- Ensures same client hits same server. \n- Good for stateful apps.\n\n5. LEAST CONNECTIONS: \n- Route to server with fewest active connections. \n- Dynamic, adapts to real load. \n- Better for long-lived connections.\n\n6. LOWEST RESPONSE TIME: \n- Route to server with fastest response time (weighted by active connections). \n- Most intelligent but requires monitoring.\n\n7. LAYER 4 vs LAYER 7:\n Layer 4 (TCP/UDP): Fast, simple, header-based routing.\n - Use for non-HTTP protocols or ultra-low latency.\n Layer 7 (HTTP/HTTPS): Content-aware, can route by URL path, hostname, headers. \n - More powerful but slower.",
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"text": "LOAD BALANCER DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES\n\n1. SINGLE LB: \n- Simple but creates single point of failure. \n- Not production-ready.\n\n2. HA PAIR (Active-Passive): \n- Two LBs with heartbeat. \n- Passive takes over if active fails. \n- Uses VIP (Virtual IP).\n\n3. ACTIVE-ACTIVE: \n- Multiple LBs handling traffic simultaneously. \n- DNS round-robin or Anycast. \n- Requires session replication or sticky sessions.\n\n4. GEOGRAPHIC LB: \n- Route users to nearest datacenter. \n- Lower latency, compliance. \n- Use GeoDNS.",
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"text": "SESSION PERSISTENCE / STICKINESS\n\n1. COOKIE-BASED: \n- LB sets cookie with server ID. \n- Browser sends cookie on next request. Works across browsers but insecure (client can modify).\n\n2. IP-BASED (IP HASH): \n- Hash client IP to determine server. \n- Simple but issues with shared proxy IPs or mobile users.\n\n3. DISTRIBUTED SESSION STORE: \n- Store session in Redis/Memcached. \n- No affinity needed. \n- Stateless servers. \n- Recommended for microservices.",
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"text": "RECOMMENDATIONS & BEST PRACTICES\n\n1. USE CDN FOR STATIC CONTENT: Cloudflare, Akamai reduce origin load.\n\n2. CONNECTION POOLING: LB maintains persistent connections to backends. Reduces latency.\n\n3. CIRCUIT BREAKER: Prevent cascading failures. Stop routing to unhealthy servers temporarily.\n\n4. RATE LIMITING: LB should limit per-client rates to prevent DDoS.\n\n5. MONITORING & LOGGING: Track request distribution, latency, error rates. Use metrics: p50, p95, p99 latency.\n\n6. GRACEFUL DEGRADATION: Shed load or reduce features if all servers overloaded.\n\n7. REAL-WORLD USE: AWS ELB, Google Cloud Load Balancer, Azure LB, HAProxy, NGINX Plus",
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"originalText": "RECOMMENDATIONS & BEST PRACTICES\n\n1. USE CDN FOR STATIC CONTENT: Cloudflare, Akamai reduce origin load.\n\n2. CONNECTION POOLING: LB maintains persistent connections to backends. Reduces latency.\n\n3. CIRCUIT BREAKER: Prevent cascading failures. Stop routing to unhealthy servers temporarily.\n\n4. RATE LIMITING: LB should limit per-client rates to prevent DDoS.\n\n5. MONITORING & LOGGING: Track request distribution, latency, error rates. Use metrics: p50, p95, p99 latency.\n\n6. GRACEFUL DEGRADATION: Shed load or reduce features if all servers overloaded.\n\n7. REAL-WORLD USE: AWS ELB, Google Cloud Load Balancer, Azure LB, HAProxy, NGINX Plus",
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"text": "ALGORITHM COMPARISON TABLE\n\nAlgorithm | Complexity | Fairness | Awareness | State | Use Case\n─────────────────────────────────────\nRound Robin | O(1) | Perfect | None | No | Uniform servers\n\nSticky RR | O(1) | Perfect | None | Yes | Session state\n\nIP Hash | O(1) | Good | Client IP | No | Stateful apps\n\nLeast Connections | O(log n) | Good | Real-time | Yes | Long connections\n\nLowest Response | O(log n) | Excellent| Real-time | Yes | Heterogeneous loads",
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"originalText": "ALGORITHM COMPARISON TABLE\n\nAlgorithm | Complexity | Fairness | Awareness | State | Use Case\n─────────────────────────────────────\nRound Robin | O(1) | Perfect | None | No | Uniform servers\n\nSticky RR | O(1) | Perfect | None | Yes | Session state\n\nIP Hash | O(1) | Good | Client IP | No | Stateful apps\n\nLeast Connections | O(log n) | Good | Real-time | Yes | Long connections\n\nLowest Response | O(log n) | Excellent| Real-time | Yes | Heterogeneous loads",
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